brew.ino

/*
  brew.ino - Main execution file.
  Created by João Lino, August 28, 2014.
  Released into the public domain.
*/

//#define DEBUG
#define INFO

// ######################### LIBRARIES #########################
#include "brew.h"

// ######################### VARIABLES #########################
// ++++++++++++++++++++++++ State Machine ++++++++++++++++++++++++
eRotaryEncoderMode      rotaryEncoderMode;

eCookingStages          cookingStage;
eBeerProfile            beerProfile;

eMenuType               eMenuType;

MenuData                mdMainMenu =            { ._title = MENU_MAIN_TITLE, ._dialog = MENU_MAIN_DIALOG, ._position = MENU_MAIN_INIT_POSITION, ._selection = MENU_MAIN_INIT_SELECTION, ._repaint = MENU_MAIN_INIT_REPAINT, ._selectionFunction = MENU_MAIN_FUNCTION };
MenuData                mdBeerProfileMenu =     { ._title = MENU_PROFILE_TITLE, ._dialog = MENU_PROFILE_DIALOG, ._position = MENU_PROFILE_INIT_POSITION, ._selection = MENU_PROFILE_INIT_SELECTION, ._repaint = MENU_PROFILE_INIT_REPAINT, ._selectionFunction = MENU_PROFILE_FUNCTION };
MenuData                mdStageMenu =           { ._title = MENU_STAGE_TITLE, ._dialog = MENU_STAGE_DIALOG, ._position = MENU_STAGE_INIT_POSITION, ._selection = MENU_STAGE_INIT_SELECTION, ._repaint = MENU_STAGE_INIT_REPAINT, ._selectionFunction = MENU_STAGE_FUNCTION };
MenuData                mdMaltMenu =            { ._title = MENU_MALT_TITLE, ._dialog = MENU_MALT_DIALOG, ._position = MENU_MALT_INIT_POSITION, ._selection = MENU_MALT_INIT_SELECTION, ._repaint = MENU_MALT_INIT_REPAINT, ._selectionFunction = MENU_MALT_FUNCTION };
MenuData                mdSettingsMenu =        { ._title = MENU_SETTINGS_TITLE, ._dialog = MENU_SETTINGS_DIALOG, ._position = MENU_SETTINGS_INIT_POSITION, ._selection = MENU_SETTINGS_INIT_SELECTION, ._repaint = MENU_SETTINGS_INIT_REPAINT, ._selectionFunction = MENU_SETTINGS_FUNCTION };
MenuData                mdStartFromStageMenu =  { ._title = MENU_START_TITLE, ._dialog = MENU_START_DIALOG, ._position = MENU_START_INIT_POSITION, ._selection = MENU_START_INIT_SELECTION, ._repaint = MENU_START_INIT_REPAINT, ._selectionFunction = MENU_START_FUNCTION };

// ++++++++++++++++++++++++ Global Variables ++++++++++++++++++++++++
boolean                 cooking;

unsigned long           clockStartTime;
unsigned long           clockLastUpdate;
long                    clockCounter;
unsigned long           clockIgnore;
boolean                 clockStart;
boolean                 clockEnd;

unsigned long           cookTime;
int                     cookTemperature;
int                     finalYield;

unsigned long           startpointTime;
unsigned long           betaGlucanaseTime;
unsigned long           debranchingTime;
unsigned long           proteolyticTime;
unsigned long           betaAmylaseTime;
unsigned long           alphaAmylaseTime;
unsigned long           mashoutTime;
unsigned long           recirculationTime;
unsigned long           spargeTime;
unsigned long           boilTime;
unsigned long           coolingTime;
unsigned long           cleaningTime;

int                     startpointTemperature;
int                     betaGlucanaseTemperature;
int                     debranchingTemperature;
int                     proteolyticTemperature;
int                     betaAmylaseTemperature;
int                     alphaAmylaseTemperature;
int                     mashoutTemperature;
int                     recirculationTemperature;
int                     spargeTemperature;
int                     boilTemperature;
int                     coolingTemperature;
int                     cleaningTemperature;

boolean                 refresh;
boolean                 repaint;
boolean                 cancel;

boolean                 bStatusElement;

unsigned long           loggingTimeInterval;


// ++++++++++++++++++++++++ Interrupts ++++++++++++++++++++++++
static unsigned long    lastInterruptTime;

// ++++++++++++++++++++++++ Rotary Encoder ++++++++++++++++++++++++
volatile int            rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition = 0;
volatile int            rotaryEncoderMaxPosition = 1;
volatile int            rotaryEncoderMinPosition = 0;
volatile int            rotaryEncoderSingleStep = 1;
volatile int            rotaryEncoderMultiStep = 1;

volatile boolean        onISR = false;

unsigned long           rotarySwDetectTime;

// ++++++++++++++++++++++++ Heating Element Relay ++++++++++++++++++++++++
int                     iWindowSize;             // Time frame to operate in
unsigned long           windowStartTime;
double                  dWattPerPulse;

// ++++++++++++++++++++++++ Pump ++++++++++++++++++++++++
int                     iPumpSpeed;             // Time frame to operate in

// ######################### INITIALIZE #########################
// ++++++++++++++++++++++++ Library - LiquidCrystal_I2C ++++++++++++++++++++++++
LiquidCrystal_I2C       lcd(LCD_I2C_ADDR, LCD_EN_PIN, LCD_RW_PIN, LCD_RS_PIN, LCD_D4_PIN, LCD_D5_PIN, LCD_D6_PIN, LCD_D7_PIN);

// +++++++++++++++++++++++ Temperature +++++++++++++++++++++++
Temperature                   basePT100("base",
                                        PT100_BASE_OUTPUT_PIN,
                                        PT100_BASE_INPUT_PIN,
                                        PT100_BASE_TIME_BETWEEN_READINGS,
                                        2.0298, 2.0259, 665.24, 662.17);
Temperature                   upPT100("up",
                                      PT100_UP_OUTPUT_PIN,
                                      PT100_UP_INPUT_PIN,
                                      PT100_UP_TIME_BETWEEN_READINGS,
                                      2.0274, 2.0245, 659.43, 656.72);
Temperature                   downPT100("down",
                                        PT100_DOWN_OUTPUT_PIN,
                                        PT100_DOWN_INPUT_PIN,
                                        PT100_DOWN_TIME_BETWEEN_READINGS,
                                        2.0309, 2.0288, 658.15, 655.35);

// ######################### INTERRUPTS #########################
void isr ()  {    // Interrupt service routine is executed when a HIGH to LOW transition is detected on CLK
  unsigned long interruptTime = millis();
  unsigned long diff = interruptTime - lastInterruptTime;

  // If interrupts come faster than [ROTARY_ENCODER_DEBOUNCE_TIME]ms, assume it's a bounce and ignore
  if (diff > ROTARY_ENCODER_DEBOUNCE_TIME) {
    lastInterruptTime = interruptTime;

    switch (rotaryEncoderMode) {
      // Input of rotary encoder controling menus
      case eRotaryEncoderMode_Menu: {
          if (!digitalRead(ROTARY_ENCODER_DT_PIN)) {
            rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition = (rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition + rotaryEncoderSingleStep);
          }
          else {
            rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition = rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition - rotaryEncoderSingleStep;
          }
          if (rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition > rotaryEncoderMaxPosition) {
            rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition = rotaryEncoderMaxPosition;
          }
          if (rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition < rotaryEncoderMinPosition) {
            rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition = rotaryEncoderMinPosition;
          }

          break;
        }

      // Input of rotary encoder controling time variables
      case eRotaryEncoderMode_Time: {
          if (!digitalRead(ROTARY_ENCODER_DT_PIN)) {
            if (rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition >= 60) {
              rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition = (rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition + rotaryEncoderMultiStep);
            }
            else {
              rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition = (rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition + rotaryEncoderSingleStep);
            }
          }
          else {
            if (rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition == rotaryEncoderMinPosition) {
              rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition = (rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition + 60);
            }
            else {
              if (rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition >= (60 + rotaryEncoderMultiStep)) {
                rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition = (rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition - rotaryEncoderMultiStep);
              }
              else {
                rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition = rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition - rotaryEncoderSingleStep;
              }
            }
          }
          if (rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition > rotaryEncoderMaxPosition) {
            rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition = rotaryEncoderMaxPosition;
          }
          if (rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition < rotaryEncoderMinPosition) {
            rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition = rotaryEncoderMinPosition;
          }

          break;
        }

      // Input of rotary encoder controling generic integer variables within a range between rotaryEncoderMinPosition and rotaryEncoderMaxPosition
      case eRotaryEncoderMode_Generic: {
          if (!digitalRead(ROTARY_ENCODER_DT_PIN)) {
            rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition = (rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition + rotaryEncoderSingleStep);
          }
          else {
            rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition = (rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition - rotaryEncoderSingleStep);
          }
          if (rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition > rotaryEncoderMaxPosition) {
            rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition = rotaryEncoderMaxPosition;
          }
          if (rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition < rotaryEncoderMinPosition) {
            rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition = rotaryEncoderMinPosition;
          }

          break;
        }
      default: {

        }
    }

    repaint = true;
    refresh = true;
  }
}

void xSetupRotaryEncoder( eRotaryEncoderMode newMode, int newPosition, int newMaxPosition, int newMinPosition, int newSingleStep, int newMultiStep ) {
  if ( newMode >= 0 ) rotaryEncoderMode = newMode;
  if ( newPosition >= 0 ) rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition = newPosition;
  if ( newMaxPosition >= 0 ) rotaryEncoderMaxPosition = newMaxPosition;
  if ( newMinPosition >= 0 ) rotaryEncoderMinPosition = newMinPosition;
  if ( newSingleStep >= 0 ) rotaryEncoderSingleStep = newSingleStep;
  if ( newMultiStep >= 0 ) rotaryEncoderMultiStep = newMultiStep;
}

// ######################### START #########################
void xSafeHardwarePowerOff() {
  // Turn off gracefully
  iPumpSpeed = PUMP_SPEED_STOP_MOSFET;
  xRegulatePumpSpeed();

  // Force shutdown
  analogWrite(PUMP_PIN, PUMP_SPEED_STOP_MOSFET);  // analogWrite values from 0 to 255
  digitalWrite(HEATING_ELEMENT_OUTPUT_PIN, LOW);  // Turn heading element OFF for safety
  bStatusElement = false;

  basePT100.setPumpStatus( false );
  upPT100.setPumpStatus( false );
  downPT100.setPumpStatus( false );

  //analogWrite(MIXER_PIN, 0);        // Turn mixer OFF for safety
}

void xWelcomeUser() {
  //#ifndef DEBUG
  lcdPrint(&lcd, "  Let's start", "    Brewing!");    // Write welcome

  // Play Melody;
  sing(MELODY_SUPER_MARIO_START, PIEZO_PIN);

  //termometerCalibration();
  delay(SETTING_WELCOME_TIMEOUT);      // pause for effect
  //#endif
}

const char *_dialogs[] = {"", "b"};

void setup() {
  // ++++++++++++++++++++++++ Rotary Encoder ++++++++++++++++++++++++
  pinMode                         (ROTARY_ENCODER_CLK_PIN, INPUT);
  pinMode                         (ROTARY_ENCODER_DT_PIN, INPUT);
  pinMode                         (ROTARY_ENCODER_SW_PIN, INPUT);
  attachInterrupt                 (ROTARY_ENCODER_INTERRUPT_NUMBER, isr, FALLING);

  // ++++++++++++++++++++++++ Heating Element Relay ++++++++++++++++++++++++
  pinMode                         (HEATING_ELEMENT_OUTPUT_PIN, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite                    (HEATING_ELEMENT_OUTPUT_PIN, LOW);
  bStatusElement              =   false;
  windowStartTime             =   millis();
  dWattPerPulse               =   HEATING_ELEMENT_MAX_WATTAGE / HEATING_ELEMENT_AC_FREQUENCY_HZ;

  // ++++++++++++++++++++++++ Mixer ++++++++++++++++++++++++

  // ++++++++++++++++++++++++ Pump ++++++++++++++++++++++++
  pinMode(PUMP_PIN, OUTPUT);   // sets the pin as output
  iPumpSpeed                  =   PUMP_SPEED_STOP_MOSFET;             // Time frame to operate in
  analogWrite(PUMP_PIN, iPumpSpeed);  // analogWrite values from 0 to 255

  // ++++++++++++++++++++++++ Piezo ++++++++++++++++++++++++
  pinMode(PIEZO_PIN, OUTPUT);

  // ++++++++++++++++++++++++ Temperature Sensor PT100 ++++++++++++++++++++++++

  // ++++++++++++++++++++++++ Serial Monitor ++++++++++++++++++++++++
  Serial.begin                    (SETTING_SERIAL_MONITOR_BAUD_RATE);    // setup terminal baud rate
  Serial.println                  (SETTING_SERIAL_MONITOR_WELCOME_MESSAGE);  // print a start message to the terminal

  // ++++++++++++++++++++++++ Library - LiquidCrystal_I2C ++++++++++++++++++++++++
  lcd.begin                       (LCD_HORIZONTAL_RESOLUTION, LCD_VERTICAL_RESOLUTION);   //  <<----- My LCD was 16x2
  lcd.setBacklightPin             (LCD_BACKLIGHT_PIN, POSITIVE);       // Setup backlight pin
  lcd.setBacklight                (HIGH);              // Switch on the backlight

  // ######################### INITIALIZE #########################
  // ++++++++++++++++++++++++ Rotary Encoder ++++++++++++++++++++++++
  // set operation state | INPUT : eRotaryEncoderMode newMode, int newPosition, int newMaxPosition, int newMinPosition, int newSingleStep, int newMultiStep
  xSetupRotaryEncoder             ( eRotaryEncoderMode_Disabled, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 );
  rotarySwDetectTime = 0;

  // ++++++++++++++++++++++++ State Machine ++++++++++++++++++++++++
  eMenuType                   =   MENU_INIT;

  cookingStage                =   SETTING_COOKING_STAGE_INIT;
  beerProfile                 =   SETTING_BEER_PROFILE_INIT;

  cancel                      =   false;
  // ++++++++++++++++++++++++ Global Variables ++++++++++++++++++++++++

  cooking                     =   false;

  clockStartTime              =   0;
  clockLastUpdate             =   0;
  clockCounter                =   0;
  clockIgnore                 =   0;
  clockStart                  =   false;
  clockEnd                    =   false;

  cookTime                    =   3600;
  cookTemperature             =   25;
  finalYield                  =   SETTING_MACHINE_YIELD_DEFAULT;

  startpointTime              =   PROFILE_BASIC_STARTPOINT_TIME;
  betaGlucanaseTime           =   PROFILE_BASIC_BETAGLUCANASE_TIME;
  debranchingTime             =   PROFILE_BASIC_DEBRANCHING_TIME;
  proteolyticTime             =   PROFILE_BASIC_PROTEOLYTIC_TIME;
  betaAmylaseTime             =   PROFILE_BASIC_BETAAMYLASE_TIME;
  alphaAmylaseTime            =   PROFILE_BASIC_ALPHAAMYLASE_TIME;
  mashoutTime                 =   PROFILE_BASIC_MASHOUT_TIME;
  recirculationTime           =   PROFILE_BASIC_RECIRCULATION_TIME;
  spargeTime                  =   PROFILE_BASIC_SPARGE_TIME;
  boilTime                    =   PROFILE_BASIC_BOIL_TIME;
  coolingTime                 =   PROFILE_BASIC_COOLING_TIME;
  cleaningTime                =   SETTING_CLEANING_TIME;

  startpointTemperature       =   PROFILE_BASIC_STARTPOINT_TEMPERATURE;
  betaGlucanaseTemperature    =   PROFILE_BASIC_BETAGLUCANASE_TEMPERATURE;
  debranchingTemperature      =   PROFILE_BASIC_DEBRANCHING_TEMPERATURE;
  proteolyticTemperature      =   PROFILE_BASIC_PROTEOLYTIC_TEMPERATURE;
  betaAmylaseTemperature      =   PROFILE_BASIC_BETAAMYLASE_TEMPERATURE;
  alphaAmylaseTemperature     =   PROFILE_BASIC_ALPHAAMYLASE_TEMPERATURE;
  mashoutTemperature          =   PROFILE_BASIC_MASHOUT_TEMPERATURE;
  recirculationTemperature    =   PROFILE_BASIC_RECIRCULATION_TEMPERATURE;
  spargeTemperature           =   PROFILE_BASIC_SPARGE_TEMPERATURE;
  boilTemperature             =   PROFILE_BASIC_BOIL_TEMPERATURE;
  coolingTemperature          =   PROFILE_BASIC_COOLING_TEMPERATURE;
  cleaningTemperature         =   SETTING_CLEANING_TEMPERATURE;

  refresh                     =   true;
  repaint                     =   true;

  loggingTimeInterval         =   0;

  // ++++++++++++++++++++++++ Interrupts ++++++++++++++++++++++++
  lastInterruptTime           =   0;

  // ++++++++++++++++++++++++ PID  ++++++++++++++++++++++++
  iWindowSize                 =   HEATING_ELEMENT_DEFAULT_WINDOW_SIZE;    // Time frame to operate in

  // ######################### Code - Run Once #########################
  xSafeHardwarePowerOff           ();
  xWelcomeUser                    ();

  xSetupRotaryEncoder             ( eRotaryEncoderMode_Menu, eMainMenu_GO, MENU_SIZE_MAIN_MENU - 1, 1, 1, 0 );
}

// ######################### MAIN LOOP #########################

void loop() {
  unsigned long inactivityTime = getInactivityTime();

  if ( inactivityTime > SETTING_MAX_INACTIVITY_TIME ) {   // Inactivity check
    if (refresh) {
      repaint = true;
      refresh = false;
    }
    repaint = displayStatus( &lcd, cooking, cookTemperature, basePT100.getCurrentTemperature(), upPT100.getCurrentTemperature(), downPT100.getCurrentTemperature(), clockCounter, repaint );
  }
  else {
    runMenu();
  }

  xManageMachineSystems();
}

// ######################### FUNCTIONS ########################

void xCountTheTime( int temperatureMarginRange, boolean bMaximumOfUpDown ) {
  unsigned long now = millis();

  // Get current maximum sensed temperaure
  double temperatureCount = 0;
  if ( bMaximumOfUpDown ) {
    float tup = upPT100.getCurrentTemperature();
    float tdown = downPT100.getCurrentTemperature();
    if (tup > tdown) {
      temperatureCount = tdown;
    }
    else {
      temperatureCount = tup;
    }
  } else {
    temperatureCount = basePT100.getCurrentTemperature();
  }

  // Ignote time ticks if temperature is not within the acceptable margin for this stage
  unsigned long elapsedTime = now - clockLastUpdate;
  if ( temperatureCount < (cookTemperature - temperatureMarginRange) ) {
    clockIgnore += elapsedTime;
  }

  // Calculate the remaining time on the clock
  clockCounter = cookTime * 1000 - (elapsedTime - clockIgnore);

  // Don't let clock get bellow 0
  if ( clockCounter < 0 ) {
    clockCounter = 0;
  }

  clockLastUpdate = now;

#ifdef DEBUG_OFF
  debugPrintFunction("xCountTheTime");
  debugPrintVar("millis()", now);
  debugPrintVar("cookTime", cookTime);
  debugPrintVar("clockStartTime", clockStartTime);
  debugPrintVar("clockIgnore", clockIgnore);
  debugPrintVar("clockCounter", clockCounter);
#endif
}

bool isTimeLeft() {
  if ( clockCounter > 0 ) {
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}

//HEATING_ELEMENT_MAX_WATTAGE / HEATING_ELEMENT_AC_FREQUENCY_HZ
double ulWattToWindowTime( double ulAppliedWatts ) {
  double ulPulsesRequired = ulAppliedWatts / dWattPerPulse;
  return (double)iWindowSize / 1000.0 * ulPulsesRequired * 1000.0 / HEATING_ELEMENT_AC_FREQUENCY_HZ;
}

bool xRegulateTemperature( boolean bMaximumOfUpDown ) {
  double difference = 0;
  bool overTemperature = false;
  double wattage = 0.0;

  float tup = upPT100.getCurrentTemperature();
  float tdown = downPT100.getCurrentTemperature();
  float tbase = basePT100.getCurrentTemperature();

  if ( bMaximumOfUpDown ) {
    if (tup > tdown) {
      difference = cookTemperature - tup;
    }
    else {
      difference = cookTemperature - tdown;
    }

    if (tbase > cookTemperature && (tbase >= (PUMP_TEMPERATURE_MAX_OPERATION - 2.0) || difference >= 5.0)) {
      difference = cookTemperature - tbase;
    }

    if ( (tbase < cookTemperature) && (difference < (cookTemperature - tbase)) ) {
      difference = cookTemperature - tbase;
    }
  } else {
    difference = cookTemperature - tbase;
  }

  // Deviation between the cook temperature set and the cook temperature measured
  if ( difference < 0.0 ) {
    difference = difference * (-1.0);
    overTemperature = true;
  }

  // Calculate applied wattage, based on the distance from the target temperature
  if ( overTemperature ) {
    wattage = 0.0;                      // turn it off
  }
  else {
    if ( difference <= 0.5 ) {
      if ( cookTemperature > 99.0 ) {
        wattage = 2000.0;               // pulse hardly at 2000 watt
      }
      else {
        if ( cookTemperature > 70.0 ) {
          wattage = 1000.0;             // pulse moderately at 1000 watt
        }
        else {
          wattage = 500.0;              // pulse lightly at 500 watt
        }
      }
    }
    else {
      if ( difference <= 1.0 ) {
        if ( cookTemperature > 99.0 ) {
          wattage = 2000.0;             // pulse hardly at 2000 watt
        }
        else {
          wattage = 1000.0;             // pulse moderately at 1000 watt
        }
      }
      else {
        if ( difference <= 3.0 ) {
          wattage = 2000.0;             // pulse hardly at 2000 watt
        }
        else {
          wattage = HEATING_ELEMENT_MAX_WATTAGE;  // pulse constantly at HEATING_ELEMENT_MAX_WATTAGE watt
        }
      }
    }
  }

  // Update the recorded time for the begining of the window, if the previous window has passed
  while ((millis() - windowStartTime) > iWindowSize) { // Check if it's time to vary the pulse width modulation and if so do it by shifting the "Relay in ON" Window
    windowStartTime += iWindowSize;
  }

  // Apply wattage to the element at the right time
  if ( ulWattToWindowTime( wattage ) > (millis() - windowStartTime) ) {
    digitalWrite(HEATING_ELEMENT_OUTPUT_PIN, HIGH);
    bStatusElement = true;
  } else {
    digitalWrite(HEATING_ELEMENT_OUTPUT_PIN, LOW);
    bStatusElement = false;
  }

#ifdef DEBUG_OFF
  //debugPrintFunction("xRegulateTemperature");
  debugPrintVar("difference", difference);
  //debugPrintVar("overTemperature", overTemperature);
  debugPrintVar("wattage", wattage);
  //debugPrintVar("ulWattToWindowTime( wattage )", ulWattToWindowTime( wattage ) );
  //debugPrintVar("millis()", millis());
  //debugPrintVar("windowStartTime", windowStartTime);
  //debugPrintVar("test", ulWattToWindowTime( wattage ) > (millis() - windowStartTime) );
#endif
}

void xPurgePump() {
  for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
    analogWrite(PUMP_PIN, PUMP_SPEED_MAX_MOSFET);  // analogWrite values from 0 to 255
    delay(1000);
    analogWrite(PUMP_PIN, PUMP_SPEED_STOP_MOSFET);  // analogWrite values from 0 to 255
    delay(1500);
  }
}

bool xRegulatePumpSpeed() {
  //  analogWrite(PUMP_PIN, iPumpSpeed);  // analogWrite values from 0 to 255

  if (basePT100.getCurrentTemperature() > PUMP_TEMPERATURE_MAX_OPERATION) {
    analogWrite(PUMP_PIN, PUMP_SPEED_STOP_MOSFET);  // analogWrite values from 0 to 255

    basePT100.setPumpStatus( false );
    upPT100.setPumpStatus( false );
    downPT100.setPumpStatus( false );
  }
  else {
    analogWrite(PUMP_PIN, iPumpSpeed);  // analogWrite values from 0 to 255

    basePT100.setPumpStatus( true );
    upPT100.setPumpStatus( true );
    downPT100.setPumpStatus( true );
  }
}

void xWarnClockEnded() {
  sing(MELODY_SUPER_MARIO_START, PIEZO_PIN);
}

void xWarnCookEnded() {
  sing(MELODY_UNDERWORLD_SHORT, PIEZO_PIN);
}

void xPrepareForStage( int stageTime, int stageTemperature, int stagePumpSpeed, eCookingStages stage ) {
#ifdef DEBUG_OFF
  debugPrintFunction("xPrepareForStage");
  debugPrintVar("cookingStage", stage);
#endif

  // Reset the clock
  unsigned long now = millis();
  clockStartTime  = now;
  clockLastUpdate = now;
  clockIgnore     = 0;

  iPumpSpeed      = stagePumpSpeed;         // Set the pump speed
  cookingStage    = stage;                  // Set Stage
  cookTime        = stageTime;              // Set the clock
  cookTemperature = stageTemperature;       // Set the target temperature
}

void xSetupStage(eCookingStages nextStage) {
#ifdef DEBUG_OFF
  debugPrintFunction("xSetupStage");
  debugPrintVar("cookingStage", nextStage);
#endif

  // Operate the machine according to the current mode
  switch (nextStage) {
    case eCookingStage_Startpoint: {
        switch (beerProfile) {
          case eBeerProfile_Trigo: {
              float wheatAmount = 0.05 * ((float) finalYield);
              float pilsnerAmount = 0.2 * ((float) finalYield);
              String say = "Cruch ";
              say += String(wheatAmount);
              say += String("Kg of Wheat and ");
              say += String(pilsnerAmount);
              say += String("Kg of Pilsner Malt into a pot.");

              xWaitForAction("Malt", say);
              repaint = true;
              break;
            }
          case eBeerProfile_IPA: {
              float caramelAmount = 0.013157895 * ((float) finalYield);
              float wheatAmount = 0.060526316 * ((float) finalYield);
              float pilsnerAmount = 0.115789474 * ((float) finalYield);
              float munichAmount = 0.028947368 * ((float) finalYield);
              String say = "Cruch ";
              say += String(caramelAmount);
              say += String("Kg of Caramel 120, ");
              say += String(wheatAmount);
              say += String("Kg of Wheat, ");
              say += String(pilsnerAmount);
              say += String("Kg of Pilsner, ");
              say += String(munichAmount);
              say += String("Kg of Munich into a pot.");

              xWaitForAction("Malt", say);
              repaint = true;
              break;
            }
          default: {

            }
        }

        // Make sure there is water
        xWaitForAction("Water", "Make sure there is water in the machine before start cooking.");

        repaint = true;
        xPrepareForStage( startpointTime, startpointTemperature, PUMP_SPEED_MAX_MOSFET, eCookingStage_Startpoint );
        break;
      }
    case eCookingStage_BetaGlucanase: {
        switch (beerProfile) {
          case eBeerProfile_Trigo: {
              float wheatAmount = 0.05 * ((float) finalYield);
              float pilsnerAmount = 0.2 * ((float) finalYield);
              String say = "Put ";
              say += String(wheatAmount);
              say += String("Kg of Wheat and ");
              say += String(pilsnerAmount);
              say += String("Kg of Pilsner Malt in.");

              xWaitForAction("Malt", say);
              repaint = true;
              break;
            }
          case eBeerProfile_IPA: {
              float caramelAmount = 0.013157895 * ((float) finalYield);
              float wheatAmount = 0.060526316 * ((float) finalYield);
              float pilsnerAmount = 0.115789474 * ((float) finalYield);
              float munichAmount = 0.028947368 * ((float) finalYield);
              String say = "Cruch ";
              say += String(caramelAmount);
              say += String("Kg of Caramel 120, ");
              say += String(wheatAmount);
              say += String("Kg of Wheat, ");
              say += String(pilsnerAmount);
              say += String("Kg of Pilsner, ");
              say += String(munichAmount);
              say += String("Kg of Munich into a pot.");

              xWaitForAction("Malt", say);
              repaint = true;
              break;
            }
          default: {}
        }
        xPrepareForStage( betaGlucanaseTime, betaGlucanaseTemperature, PUMP_SPEED_MAX_MOSFET, eCookingStage_BetaGlucanase );
        break;
      }
    case eCookingStage_Debranching: {
        xPrepareForStage( debranchingTime, debranchingTemperature, PUMP_SPEED_MAX_MOSFET, eCookingStage_Debranching );
        break;
      }
    case eCookingStage_Proteolytic: {
        xPrepareForStage( proteolyticTime, proteolyticTemperature, PUMP_SPEED_MAX_MOSFET, eCookingStage_Proteolytic );
        break;
      }
    case eCookingStage_BetaAmylase: {
        xPrepareForStage( betaAmylaseTime, betaAmylaseTemperature, PUMP_SPEED_MAX_MOSFET, eCookingStage_BetaAmylase );
        break;
      }
    case eCookingStage_AlphaAmylase: {
        xPrepareForStage( alphaAmylaseTime, alphaAmylaseTemperature, PUMP_SPEED_MAX_MOSFET, eCookingStage_AlphaAmylase );
        break;
      }
    case eCookingStage_Mashout: {
        xPrepareForStage( mashoutTime, mashoutTemperature, PUMP_SPEED_MAX_MOSFET, eCookingStage_Mashout );
        break;
      }
    case eCookingStage_Recirculation: {
        xWaitForAction("Sparge Water", "Start heating your sparge water.");
        repaint = true;
        xPrepareForStage( recirculationTime, recirculationTemperature, PUMP_SPEED_MAX_MOSFET, eCookingStage_Recirculation );
        break;
      }
    case eCookingStage_Sparge: {
        xWaitForAction("Sparge Water", "Start pouring the sparge water.");
        repaint = true;
        xPrepareForStage( spargeTime, spargeTemperature, PUMP_SPEED_MAX_MOSFET, eCookingStage_Sparge );
        break;
      }
    case eCookingStage_Boil: {
        switch (beerProfile) {
          case eBeerProfile_Trigo: {
              String say = "Get ";

              float hopAmount = 0.8 * ((float) finalYield);
              say += String(hopAmount);

              say += String("g of Magnum 9.4\% and Styrian Golding 5\% ready.");

              xWaitForAction("Hops", say);

              break;
            }
          case eBeerProfile_IPA: {
              String say = "Get ";

              float hopAmount = 0.8 * ((float) finalYield);
              say += String(hopAmount);

              say += String("g of Chinook, Cascade and Styrian Golding ready.");

              xWaitForAction("Hops", say);

              break;
            }
          default: {
              xWaitForAction("Hops", "Add the hops in the right order, at the right time.");

            }
        }

        repaint = true;

        // A basic operation for a basic stage
        xPrepareForStage( boilTime, boilTemperature, PUMP_SPEED_MAX_MOSFET, eCookingStage_Boil );

        break;
      }
    case eCookingStage_Cooling: {
        // Make sure there is water
        xWaitForAction("Coil", "Add the coil and connect it to the main water supply.");

        repaint = true;

        // A basic operation for a basic stage
        xPrepareForStage( coolingTime, coolingTemperature, PUMP_SPEED_MAX_MOSFET, eCookingStage_Cooling );

        break;
      }
    case eCookingStage_Clean: {
        // Make sure there is water
        xWaitForAction("Water", "Add 13 liters.");

        // Make sure there is water
        xWaitForAction("Star San HB", "Add 0.89oz/26ml.");

        repaint = true;

        // A basic operation for a basic stage
        xPrepareForStage( cleaningTime, cleaningTemperature, PUMP_SPEED_MAX_MOSFET, eCookingStage_Clean );

        break;
      }
    case eCookingStage_Purge: {
        // A basic operation for a basic stage
        xPrepareForStage( 0, 0, PUMP_SPEED_MAX_MOSFET, eCookingStage_Purge );

        xRegulatePumpSpeed();

        break;
      }
    case eCookingStage_Done: {
        // A basic operation for a basic stage
        xPrepareForStage( 0, 0, PUMP_SPEED_STOP_MOSFET, eCookingStage_Done );

        break;
      }
  }
}

void xTransitionIntoStage(eCookingStages nextStage) {
  // Turn off all hardware that can damage itself if the machine is not cooking
  xSafeHardwarePowerOff();

  // Warn the user a stage has ended
  xWarnClockEnded();

  // Reset global stage variables
  xSetupStage( nextStage );
}

void xBasicStageOperation( int iStageTime, int iStageTemperature, int iStageTemperatureRange, eCookingStages nextStage, boolean bMaximumOfUpDown ) {

  // Account for time spent at the target temperature | Input 1: range in ºC within which the target temperature is considered to be reached
#ifdef DEBUG_OFF
  xCountTheTime( iStageTemperatureRange, false );
#else
  xCountTheTime( iStageTemperatureRange, bMaximumOfUpDown );
#endif

  if ( isTimeLeft() ) {
    // Do temperature control
    xRegulateTemperature( bMaximumOfUpDown );

    // Do flow control
    xRegulatePumpSpeed();

  } else {
#ifdef DEBUG_OFF
    debugPrintFunction("xBasicStageOperation");
    debugPrintVar("clockCounter", clockCounter);
#endif

    // Continue to the next stage, there is nothing to do, in this stage
    xTransitionIntoStage( nextStage );
    return;
  }

  return;
}

void xManageMachineSystems() {
  // Measure temperature, for effect
  basePT100.measure(false);
  upPT100.measure(false);
  downPT100.measure(true);

  // If cooking is done, return (this is a nice place to double check safety and ensure the cooking parts aren't on.
  if (!cooking) {
    xSafeHardwarePowerOff();

    return;
  }

  // Operate the machine according to the current mode
  switch (cookingStage) {
    case eCookingStage_Startpoint: {
        xBasicStageOperation( startpointTime, startpointTemperature, 0, eCookingStage_BetaGlucanase, false);
        break;
      }
    case eCookingStage_BetaGlucanase: {
        xBasicStageOperation( betaGlucanaseTime, betaGlucanaseTemperature, 3, eCookingStage_Debranching, true );
        break;
      }
    case eCookingStage_Debranching: {
        xBasicStageOperation( debranchingTime, debranchingTemperature, 3, eCookingStage_Proteolytic, true );
        break;
      }
    case eCookingStage_Proteolytic: {
        xBasicStageOperation( proteolyticTime, proteolyticTemperature, 3, eCookingStage_BetaAmylase, true );
        break;
      }
    case eCookingStage_BetaAmylase: {
        xBasicStageOperation( betaAmylaseTime, betaAmylaseTemperature, 4, eCookingStage_AlphaAmylase, true );
        break;
      }
    case eCookingStage_AlphaAmylase: {
        xBasicStageOperation( alphaAmylaseTime, alphaAmylaseTemperature, 2, eCookingStage_Mashout, true );
        break;
      }
    case eCookingStage_Mashout: {
        xBasicStageOperation( mashoutTime, mashoutTemperature, 1, eCookingStage_Recirculation, true );
        break;
      }
    case eCookingStage_Recirculation: {
        xBasicStageOperation( recirculationTime, recirculationTemperature, 1, eCookingStage_Sparge, true );
        break;
      }
    case eCookingStage_Sparge: {
        xBasicStageOperation( spargeTime, spargeTemperature, 3, eCookingStage_Boil, false );
        break;
      }
    case eCookingStage_Boil: {
        xBasicStageOperation( boilTime, boilTemperature, 2, eCookingStage_Cooling, false );
        break;
      }
    case eCookingStage_Cooling: {
        xBasicStageOperation( coolingTime, coolingTemperature, 0, eCookingStage_Done, false );
        break;
      }
    case eCookingStage_Clean: {
        xBasicStageOperation( cleaningTime, cleaningTemperature, 0, eCookingStage_Done, false );
        break;
      }
    case eCookingStage_Purge: {
        iPumpSpeed = PUMP_SPEED_MAX_MOSFET;
        xRegulatePumpSpeed();
        break;
      }
    case eCookingStage_Done: {
        stopBrewing();                  // Update cooking state
        repaint = true;                 // Ask for screen refresh
        xWarnCookEnded();               // Warn the user that the cooking is done
        break;
      }
  }

#ifdef INFO
  unsigned long now = millis();
  if( now - loggingTimeInterval > SETTING_MACHINE_LOGGING_INTERVAL ) {
    loggingTimeInterval = now;
    Serial.print(now);
    Serial.print("|");
    Serial.print(clockCounter);
    Serial.print("|");
    if (cooking) {
      Serial.print("1");
    }
    else {
      Serial.print("0");
    }
    Serial.print("|");
    Serial.print(cookTemperature);
    Serial.print("|");
    Serial.print(basePT100.getCurrentTemperature());
    Serial.print("|");
    Serial.print(upPT100.getCurrentTemperature());
    Serial.print("|");
    Serial.print(downPT100.getCurrentTemperature());
    Serial.print("|");
    if (bStatusElement) {
      Serial.print("1");
    }
    else {
      Serial.print("0");
    }
    Serial.print("|");
  }

  
#endif
}

// ##################################################### Menus ###################################################################

// *************************** MENU BASE *********************************
void runMenu() {
#ifdef DEBUG_OFF
  boolean debug_go = repaint;
  if (debug_go) {
    debugPrintFunction("runMenu");
    debugPrintVar("repaint", repaint);
    debugPrintVar("eMenuType", eMenuType);
    debugPrintVar("rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition", rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition);
  }
#endif

  switch (eMenuType) {
    case eMenuType_Main: {
        runMenuProcessor( &mdMainMenu );
        break;
      }
    case eMenuType_BeerProfile: {
        runMenuProcessor( &mdBeerProfileMenu );
        break;
      }
    case eMenuType_Stage: {
        runMenuProcessor( &mdStageMenu );
        break;
      }
    case eMenuType_Malt: {
        runMenuProcessor( &mdMaltMenu );
        break;
      }
    case eMenuType_Settings: {
        runMenuProcessor( &mdSettingsMenu );
        break;
      }
    case eMenuType_StartFromStage: {
        runMenuProcessor( &mdStartFromStageMenu );
        break;
      }
  }

#ifdef DEBUG_OFF
  if (debug_go) {
    debugPrintVar("repaint", repaint);
  }
#endif
}

// ************************ MENU SELECTIONS ******************************
void runMainMenuSelection() {
  switch (mdMainMenu._selection) {
    //switch (eMainMenuSelection) {
    case eMainMenu_GO: {
        xStartStage( NULL, NULL, eCookingStage_Startpoint, true, true, false, false );
        break;
      }
    case eMainMenu_GO_FROM_STAGE: {
        eMenuType = eMenuType_StartFromStage;
        repaint = true;
        xSetupRotaryEncoder( eRotaryEncoderMode_Menu, mdBeerProfileMenu._position, MENU_SIZE_PROFILES_MENU - 1, 1, 1, 0 );
        break;
      }
    case eMainMenu_STOP: {
        stopBrewing();
        backToStatus();
        break;
      }
    case eMainMenu_SKIP: {
        cookTime = 0;
        backToStatus();
        break;
      }
    case eMainMenu_BeerProfile: {
        eMenuType = eMenuType_BeerProfile;
        repaint = true;
        xSetupRotaryEncoder( eRotaryEncoderMode_Menu, mdBeerProfileMenu._position, MENU_SIZE_PROFILES_MENU - 1, 1, 1, 0 );
        break;
      }
    case eMainMenu_Stage: {
        eMenuType = eMenuType_Stage;
        repaint = true;
        xSetupRotaryEncoder( eRotaryEncoderMode_Menu, mdStageMenu._position, MENU_SIZE_STAGE_MENU - 1, 1, 1, 0 );
        break;
      }
    case eMainMenu_Malt: {
        eMenuType = eMenuType_Malt;
        repaint = true;
        xSetupRotaryEncoder( eRotaryEncoderMode_Menu, mdMaltMenu._position, MENU_SIZE_MALT_MENU - 1, 1, 1, 0 );
        break;
      }
    case eMainMenu_Hops: {
        backToStatus();
        break;
      }
    case eMainMenu_Clean: {
        xStartStageHeadless( eCookingStage_Clean, true );
        break;
      }
    case eMainMenu_Purge: {
        xStartStageHeadless( eCookingStage_Purge, true );
        break;
      }
    case eMainMenu_Settings: {
        eMenuType = eMenuType_Settings;
        repaint = true;
        xSetupRotaryEncoder( eRotaryEncoderMode_Menu, mdSettingsMenu._position, MENU_SIZE_SETTINGS_MENU - 1, 1, 1, 0 );
        break;
      }
    case eMainMenu_Back: {
        backToStatus();
        break;
      }
    default: {
      }
  }
  mdMainMenu._selection = eMainMenu_NULL;
}


void runStartFromStageSelection() {
  switch (mdStartFromStageMenu._selection) {
    case eStageMenu_Startpoint: {
        xStartStageInteractive( &startpointTime, &startpointTemperature, eCookingStage_Startpoint );
        break;
      }
    case eStageMenu_BetaGlucanase: {
        xStartStageInteractive( &betaGlucanaseTime, &betaGlucanaseTemperature, eCookingStage_BetaGlucanase );
        break;
      }
    case eStageMenu_Debranching: {
        xStartStageInteractive( &debranchingTime, &debranchingTemperature, eCookingStage_Debranching );
        break;
      }
    case eStageMenu_Proteolytic: {
        xStartStageInteractive( &proteolyticTime, &proteolyticTemperature, eCookingStage_Proteolytic );
        break;
      }
    case eStageMenu_BetaAmylase: {
        xStartStageInteractive( &betaAmylaseTime, &betaAmylaseTemperature, eCookingStage_BetaAmylase );
        break;
      }
    case eStageMenu_AlphaAmylase: {
        xStartStageInteractive( &alphaAmylaseTime, &alphaAmylaseTemperature, eCookingStage_AlphaAmylase );
        break;
      }
    case eStageMenu_Mashout: {
        xStartStageInteractive( &mashoutTime, &mashoutTemperature, eCookingStage_Mashout );
        break;
      }
    case eStageMenu_Recirculation: {
        xStartStageInteractive( &recirculationTime, &recirculationTemperature, eCookingStage_Recirculation );
        break;
      }
    case eStageMenu_Sparge: {
        xStartStageInteractive( &spargeTime, &spargeTemperature, eCookingStage_Sparge );
        break;
      }
    case eStageMenu_Boil: {
        xStartStageInteractive( &boilTime, &boilTemperature, eCookingStage_Boil );
        break;
      }
    case eStageMenu_Cooling: {
        xStartStageInteractive( &coolingTime, &coolingTemperature, eCookingStage_Cooling );
        break;
      }
    case eStageMenu_Back: {
        resetMenu( true );
        break;
      }
    default: {
      }
  }
  mdStartFromStageMenu._selection = eStageMenu_NULL;
}

void runBeerProfileSelection() {
  switch (mdBeerProfileMenu._selection) {
    case eBeerProfileMenu_Basic: {
        beerProfile                 =   eBeerProfile_Basic;
        startpointTime              =   PROFILE_BASIC_STARTPOINT_TIME;
        betaGlucanaseTime           =   PROFILE_BASIC_BETAGLUCANASE_TIME;
        debranchingTime             =   PROFILE_BASIC_DEBRANCHING_TIME;
        proteolyticTime             =   PROFILE_BASIC_PROTEOLYTIC_TIME;
        betaAmylaseTime             =   PROFILE_BASIC_BETAAMYLASE_TIME;
        alphaAmylaseTime            =   PROFILE_BASIC_ALPHAAMYLASE_TIME;
        mashoutTime                 =   PROFILE_BASIC_MASHOUT_TIME;
        recirculationTime           =   PROFILE_BASIC_RECIRCULATION_TIME;
        spargeTime                  =   PROFILE_BASIC_SPARGE_TIME;
        boilTime                    =   PROFILE_BASIC_BOIL_TIME;
        coolingTime                 =   PROFILE_BASIC_COOLING_TIME;
        startpointTemperature       =   PROFILE_BASIC_STARTPOINT_TEMPERATURE;
        betaGlucanaseTemperature    =   PROFILE_BASIC_BETAGLUCANASE_TEMPERATURE;
        debranchingTemperature      =   PROFILE_BASIC_DEBRANCHING_TEMPERATURE;
        proteolyticTemperature      =   PROFILE_BASIC_PROTEOLYTIC_TEMPERATURE;
        betaAmylaseTemperature      =   PROFILE_BASIC_BETAAMYLASE_TEMPERATURE;
        alphaAmylaseTemperature     =   PROFILE_BASIC_ALPHAAMYLASE_TEMPERATURE;
        mashoutTemperature          =   PROFILE_BASIC_MASHOUT_TEMPERATURE;
        recirculationTemperature    =   PROFILE_BASIC_RECIRCULATION_TEMPERATURE;
        spargeTemperature           =   PROFILE_BASIC_SPARGE_TEMPERATURE;
        boilTemperature             =   PROFILE_BASIC_BOIL_TEMPERATURE;
        coolingTemperature          =   PROFILE_BASIC_COOLING_TEMPERATURE;

        backToStatus();
        break;
      }
    case eBeerProfileMenu_Trigo: {
        beerProfile                 =   eBeerProfile_Trigo;
        startpointTime              =   PROFILE_TRIGO_STARTPOINT_TIME;
        betaGlucanaseTime           =   PROFILE_TRIGO_BETAGLUCANASE_TIME;
        debranchingTime             =   PROFILE_TRIGO_DEBRANCHING_TIME;
        proteolyticTime             =   PROFILE_TRIGO_PROTEOLYTIC_TIME;
        betaAmylaseTime             =   PROFILE_TRIGO_BETAAMYLASE_TIME;
        alphaAmylaseTime            =   PROFILE_TRIGO_ALPHAAMYLASE_TIME;
        mashoutTime                 =   PROFILE_TRIGO_MASHOUT_TIME;
        recirculationTime           =   PROFILE_TRIGO_RECIRCULATION_TIME;
        spargeTime                  =   PROFILE_TRIGO_SPARGE_TIME;
        boilTime                    =   PROFILE_TRIGO_BOIL_TIME;
        coolingTime                 =   PROFILE_TRIGO_COOLING_TIME;
        startpointTemperature       =   PROFILE_TRIGO_STARTPOINT_TEMPERATURE;
        betaGlucanaseTemperature    =   PROFILE_TRIGO_BETAGLUCANASE_TEMPERATURE;
        debranchingTemperature      =   PROFILE_TRIGO_DEBRANCHING_TEMPERATURE;
        proteolyticTemperature      =   PROFILE_TRIGO_PROTEOLYTIC_TEMPERATURE;
        betaAmylaseTemperature      =   PROFILE_TRIGO_BETAAMYLASE_TEMPERATURE;
        alphaAmylaseTemperature     =   PROFILE_TRIGO_ALPHAAMYLASE_TEMPERATURE;
        mashoutTemperature          =   PROFILE_TRIGO_MASHOUT_TEMPERATURE;
        recirculationTemperature    =   PROFILE_TRIGO_RECIRCULATION_TEMPERATURE;
        spargeTemperature           =   PROFILE_TRIGO_SPARGE_TEMPERATURE;
        boilTemperature             =   PROFILE_TRIGO_BOIL_TEMPERATURE;
        coolingTemperature          =   PROFILE_TRIGO_COOLING_TEMPERATURE;

        backToStatus();
        break;
      }
    case eBeerProfileMenu_IPA: {
        beerProfile                 =   eBeerProfile_IPA;
        startpointTime              =   PROFILE_IPA_STARTPOINT_TIME;
        betaGlucanaseTime           =   PROFILE_IPA_BETAGLUCANASE_TIME;
        debranchingTime             =   PROFILE_IPA_DEBRANCHING_TIME;
        proteolyticTime             =   PROFILE_IPA_PROTEOLYTIC_TIME;
        betaAmylaseTime             =   PROFILE_IPA_BETAAMYLASE_TIME;
        alphaAmylaseTime            =   PROFILE_IPA_ALPHAAMYLASE_TIME;
        mashoutTime                 =   PROFILE_IPA_MASHOUT_TIME;
        recirculationTime           =   PROFILE_IPA_RECIRCULATION_TIME;
        spargeTime                  =   PROFILE_IPA_SPARGE_TIME;
        boilTime                    =   PROFILE_IPA_BOIL_TIME;
        coolingTime                 =   PROFILE_IPA_COOLING_TIME;
        startpointTemperature       =   PROFILE_IPA_STARTPOINT_TEMPERATURE;
        betaGlucanaseTemperature    =   PROFILE_IPA_BETAGLUCANASE_TEMPERATURE;
        debranchingTemperature      =   PROFILE_IPA_DEBRANCHING_TEMPERATURE;
        proteolyticTemperature      =   PROFILE_IPA_PROTEOLYTIC_TEMPERATURE;
        betaAmylaseTemperature      =   PROFILE_IPA_BETAAMYLASE_TEMPERATURE;
        alphaAmylaseTemperature     =   PROFILE_IPA_ALPHAAMYLASE_TEMPERATURE;
        mashoutTemperature          =   PROFILE_IPA_MASHOUT_TEMPERATURE;
        recirculationTemperature    =   PROFILE_IPA_RECIRCULATION_TEMPERATURE;
        spargeTemperature           =   PROFILE_IPA_SPARGE_TEMPERATURE;
        boilTemperature             =   PROFILE_IPA_BOIL_TEMPERATURE;
        coolingTemperature          =   PROFILE_IPA_COOLING_TEMPERATURE;

        backToStatus();
        break;
      }
    case eBeerProfileMenu_Belga: {
        beerProfile                 =   eBeerProfile_Belga;
        startpointTime              =   PROFILE_BELGA_STARTPOINT_TIME;
        betaGlucanaseTime           =   PROFILE_BELGA_BETAGLUCANASE_TIME;
        debranchingTime             =   PROFILE_BELGA_DEBRANCHING_TIME;
        proteolyticTime             =   PROFILE_BELGA_PROTEOLYTIC_TIME;
        betaAmylaseTime             =   PROFILE_BELGA_BETAAMYLASE_TIME;
        alphaAmylaseTime            =   PROFILE_BELGA_ALPHAAMYLASE_TIME;
        mashoutTime                 =   PROFILE_BELGA_MASHOUT_TIME;
        recirculationTime           =   PROFILE_BELGA_RECIRCULATION_TIME;
        spargeTime                  =   PROFILE_BELGA_SPARGE_TIME;
        boilTime                    =   PROFILE_BELGA_BOIL_TIME;
        coolingTime                 =   PROFILE_BELGA_COOLING_TIME;
        startpointTemperature       =   PROFILE_BELGA_STARTPOINT_TEMPERATURE;
        betaGlucanaseTemperature    =   PROFILE_BELGA_BETAGLUCANASE_TEMPERATURE;
        debranchingTemperature      =   PROFILE_BELGA_DEBRANCHING_TEMPERATURE;
        proteolyticTemperature      =   PROFILE_BELGA_PROTEOLYTIC_TEMPERATURE;
        betaAmylaseTemperature      =   PROFILE_BELGA_BETAAMYLASE_TEMPERATURE;
        alphaAmylaseTemperature     =   PROFILE_BELGA_ALPHAAMYLASE_TEMPERATURE;
        mashoutTemperature          =   PROFILE_BELGA_MASHOUT_TEMPERATURE;
        recirculationTemperature    =   PROFILE_BELGA_RECIRCULATION_TEMPERATURE;
        spargeTemperature           =   PROFILE_BELGA_SPARGE_TEMPERATURE;
        boilTemperature             =   PROFILE_BELGA_BOIL_TEMPERATURE;
        coolingTemperature          =   PROFILE_BELGA_COOLING_TEMPERATURE;

        backToStatus();
        break;
      }
    case eBeerProfileMenu_Red: {
        beerProfile                 =   eBeerProfile_Red;
        startpointTime              =   PROFILE_RED_STARTPOINT_TIME;
        betaGlucanaseTime           =   PROFILE_RED_BETAGLUCANASE_TIME;
        debranchingTime             =   PROFILE_RED_DEBRANCHING_TIME;
        proteolyticTime             =   PROFILE_RED_PROTEOLYTIC_TIME;
        betaAmylaseTime             =   PROFILE_RED_BETAAMYLASE_TIME;
        alphaAmylaseTime            =   PROFILE_RED_ALPHAAMYLASE_TIME;
        mashoutTime                 =   PROFILE_RED_MASHOUT_TIME;
        recirculationTime           =   PROFILE_RED_RECIRCULATION_TIME;
        spargeTime                  =   PROFILE_RED_SPARGE_TIME;
        boilTime                    =   PROFILE_RED_BOIL_TIME;
        coolingTime                 =   PROFILE_RED_COOLING_TIME;
        startpointTemperature       =   PROFILE_RED_STARTPOINT_TEMPERATURE;
        betaGlucanaseTemperature    =   PROFILE_RED_BETAGLUCANASE_TEMPERATURE;
        debranchingTemperature      =   PROFILE_RED_DEBRANCHING_TEMPERATURE;
        proteolyticTemperature      =   PROFILE_RED_PROTEOLYTIC_TEMPERATURE;
        betaAmylaseTemperature      =   PROFILE_RED_BETAAMYLASE_TEMPERATURE;
        alphaAmylaseTemperature     =   PROFILE_RED_ALPHAAMYLASE_TEMPERATURE;
        mashoutTemperature          =   PROFILE_RED_MASHOUT_TEMPERATURE;
        recirculationTemperature    =   PROFILE_RED_RECIRCULATION_TEMPERATURE;
        spargeTemperature           =   PROFILE_RED_SPARGE_TEMPERATURE;
        boilTemperature             =   PROFILE_RED_BOIL_TEMPERATURE;
        coolingTemperature          =   PROFILE_RED_COOLING_TEMPERATURE;

        backToStatus();
        break;
      }
    case eBeerProfileMenu_APA: {
        beerProfile                 =   eBeerProfile_APA;
        startpointTime              =   PROFILE_APA_STARTPOINT_TIME;
        betaGlucanaseTime           =   PROFILE_APA_BETAGLUCANASE_TIME;
        debranchingTime             =   PROFILE_APA_DEBRANCHING_TIME;
        proteolyticTime             =   PROFILE_APA_PROTEOLYTIC_TIME;
        betaAmylaseTime             =   PROFILE_APA_BETAAMYLASE_TIME;
        alphaAmylaseTime            =   PROFILE_APA_ALPHAAMYLASE_TIME;
        mashoutTime                 =   PROFILE_APA_MASHOUT_TIME;
        recirculationTime           =   PROFILE_APA_RECIRCULATION_TIME;
        spargeTime                  =   PROFILE_APA_SPARGE_TIME;
        boilTime                    =   PROFILE_APA_BOIL_TIME;
        coolingTime                 =   PROFILE_APA_COOLING_TIME;
        startpointTemperature       =   PROFILE_APA_STARTPOINT_TEMPERATURE;
        betaGlucanaseTemperature    =   PROFILE_APA_BETAGLUCANASE_TEMPERATURE;
        debranchingTemperature      =   PROFILE_APA_DEBRANCHING_TEMPERATURE;
        proteolyticTemperature      =   PROFILE_APA_PROTEOLYTIC_TEMPERATURE;
        betaAmylaseTemperature      =   PROFILE_APA_BETAAMYLASE_TEMPERATURE;
        alphaAmylaseTemperature     =   PROFILE_APA_ALPHAAMYLASE_TEMPERATURE;
        mashoutTemperature          =   PROFILE_APA_MASHOUT_TEMPERATURE;
        recirculationTemperature    =   PROFILE_APA_RECIRCULATION_TEMPERATURE;
        spargeTemperature           =   PROFILE_APA_SPARGE_TEMPERATURE;
        boilTemperature             =   PROFILE_APA_BOIL_TEMPERATURE;
        coolingTemperature          =   PROFILE_APA_COOLING_TEMPERATURE;

        backToStatus();
        break;
      }
    case eBeerProfileMenu_Custom: {
        beerProfile                 =   eBeerProfile_Custom;
        startpointTime              =   PROFILE_CUSTOM_STARTPOINT_TIME;
        betaGlucanaseTime           =   PROFILE_CUSTOM_BETAGLUCANASE_TIME;
        debranchingTime             =   PROFILE_CUSTOM_DEBRANCHING_TIME;
        proteolyticTime             =   PROFILE_CUSTOM_PROTEOLYTIC_TIME;
        betaAmylaseTime             =   PROFILE_CUSTOM_BETAAMYLASE_TIME;
        alphaAmylaseTime            =   PROFILE_CUSTOM_ALPHAAMYLASE_TIME;
        mashoutTime                 =   PROFILE_CUSTOM_MASHOUT_TIME;
        recirculationTime           =   PROFILE_CUSTOM_RECIRCULATION_TIME;
        spargeTime                  =   PROFILE_CUSTOM_SPARGE_TIME;
        boilTime                    =   PROFILE_CUSTOM_BOIL_TIME;
        coolingTime                 =   PROFILE_CUSTOM_COOLING_TIME;
        startpointTemperature       =   PROFILE_CUSTOM_STARTPOINT_TEMPERATURE;
        betaGlucanaseTemperature    =   PROFILE_CUSTOM_BETAGLUCANASE_TEMPERATURE;
        debranchingTemperature      =   PROFILE_CUSTOM_DEBRANCHING_TEMPERATURE;
        proteolyticTemperature      =   PROFILE_CUSTOM_PROTEOLYTIC_TEMPERATURE;
        betaAmylaseTemperature      =   PROFILE_CUSTOM_BETAAMYLASE_TEMPERATURE;
        alphaAmylaseTemperature     =   PROFILE_CUSTOM_ALPHAAMYLASE_TEMPERATURE;
        mashoutTemperature          =   PROFILE_CUSTOM_MASHOUT_TEMPERATURE;
        recirculationTemperature    =   PROFILE_CUSTOM_RECIRCULATION_TEMPERATURE;
        spargeTemperature           =   PROFILE_CUSTOM_SPARGE_TEMPERATURE;
        boilTemperature             =   PROFILE_CUSTOM_BOIL_TEMPERATURE;
        coolingTemperature          =   PROFILE_CUSTOM_COOLING_TEMPERATURE;

        backToStatus();
        break;
      }
    case eBeerProfileMenu_Back: {
        resetMenu( true );
        break;
      }
    default: {}
  }
  mdBeerProfileMenu._selection = eBeerProfileMenu_NULL;
}

void runStageSelection() {
  switch (mdStageMenu._selection) {
    case eStageMenu_Startpoint: {
        runStageSelection_Generic( &startpointTime, &startpointTemperature );
        break;
      }
    case eStageMenu_BetaGlucanase: {
        runStageSelection_Generic( &betaGlucanaseTime, &betaGlucanaseTemperature );
        break;
      }
    case eStageMenu_Debranching: {
        runStageSelection_Generic( &debranchingTime, &debranchingTemperature );
        break;
      }
    case eStageMenu_Proteolytic: {
        runStageSelection_Generic( &proteolyticTime, &proteolyticTemperature );
        break;
      }
    case eStageMenu_BetaAmylase: {
        runStageSelection_Generic( &betaAmylaseTime, &betaAmylaseTemperature );
        break;
      }
    case eStageMenu_AlphaAmylase: {
        runStageSelection_Generic( &alphaAmylaseTime, &alphaAmylaseTemperature );
        break;
      }
    case eStageMenu_Mashout: {
        runStageSelection_Generic( &mashoutTime, &mashoutTemperature );
        break;
      }
    case eStageMenu_Recirculation: {
        runStageSelection_Generic( &recirculationTime, &recirculationTemperature );
        break;
      }
    case eStageMenu_Sparge: {
        runStageSelection_Generic( &spargeTime, &spargeTemperature );
        break;
      }
    case eStageMenu_Boil: {
        runStageSelection_Generic( &boilTime, &boilTemperature );
        break;
      }
    case eStageMenu_Cooling: {
        runStageSelection_Generic( &coolingTime, &coolingTemperature );
        break;
      }
    case eStageMenu_Back: {
        resetMenu( true );
        break;
      }
    default: {}
  }
  mdStageMenu._selection = eStageMenu_NULL;
}

void runSettingsSelection() {
  switch (mdSettingsMenu._selection) {
    case eSettingsMenu_Pump: {
        bool bNewPumpStatus = xSetGenericValue( iPumpSpeed ? 0 : 1, PUMP_SPEED_DEFAULT, 0, 1, "pump", "bool" );
        if ( cancel ) {
          cancel = false;
        }
        else {
          if ( bNewPumpStatus ) {
            iPumpSpeed = PUMP_SPEED_MAX_MOSFET;
          } else {
            iPumpSpeed = PUMP_SPEED_STOP_MOSFET;
          }
          analogWrite(PUMP_PIN, iPumpSpeed);
        }
        backToStatus();
        break;
      }
    case eSettingsMenu_PT100_Element: {
        backToStatus();
        break;
      }
    case eSettingsMenu_PT100_Up: {
        backToStatus();
        break;
      }
    case eSettingsMenu_PT100_Down: {
        backToStatus();
        break;
      }
    case eSettingsMenu_Back: {
        resetMenu( true );
        break;
      }
    default: {}
  }
  mdSettingsMenu._selection = eSettingsMenu_NULL;
}

void runMaltSelection() {
  switch (mdMaltMenu._selection) {
    case eMaltMenu_CastleMalting_Chteau_Pilsen_2RS: {
        backToStatus();
        break;
      }
    case eMaltMenu_CastleMalting_Wheat_Blanc: {
        backToStatus();
        break;
      }
    case eMaltMenu_Back: {
        resetMenu( true );
        break;
      }
    default: {}
  }
  mdMaltMenu._selection = eMaltMenu_NULL;
}

// ************************ MENU HELPERS ******************************
void runMenuProcessor( MenuData *data ) {
  data->_position = rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition;         // Read position

  data->_repaint = repaint;                               // Request repaint
  repaint = displayGenericMenu( &lcd, data );             // Display menu

  if ( checkForEncoderSwitchPush( true ) ) {              // Read selection
    if ( cancel ) {
      resetMenu( true );
      return;
    }
    data->_selection = data->_position;
  }

  (data->_selectionFunction)();                           // Run selection function
}

void runStageSelection_Generic( unsigned long * selectedStageTime, int *selectedStageTemperature) {
  unsigned long selectedStageTimeStorage = *selectedStageTime;
  int selectedStageTemperatureStorage = *selectedStageTemperature;

  *selectedStageTime = getTimer( *selectedStageTime );
  if ( cancel ) {
    *selectedStageTime = selectedStageTimeStorage;
    cancel = false;
  }
  else {
    *selectedStageTemperature = getTemperature( *selectedStageTemperature );
    if ( cancel ) {
      *selectedStageTime = selectedStageTimeStorage;
      *selectedStageTemperature = selectedStageTemperatureStorage;
      cancel = false;
    }
  }
  backToStatus();
}

void xStartStageHeadless( eCookingStages nextStage, bool bPurgePump ) {
  xStartStage( NULL, NULL, nextStage, bPurgePump, false, false, false );
}

void xStartStageInteractive( unsigned long *stageTime, int *stageTemperature, eCookingStages nextStage ) {
  xStartStage( stageTime, stageTemperature, nextStage, true, true, true, true );
}

void xStartStage( unsigned long *stageTime, int *stageTemperature, eCookingStages nextStage, bool bPurgePump, bool bSetFinalYield, bool bSetTime, bool bSetTemperature ) {
  int finalYieldStorage = finalYield;
  unsigned long stageTimeStorage = *stageTime;
  int stageTemperatureStorage = *stageTemperature;

  if (bSetFinalYield) {
    finalYield = getFinalYield( finalYield, SETTING_MACHINE_YIELD_DEFAULT );
    if ( cancel ) {
      finalYield = finalYieldStorage;

      cancel = false;
      backToStatus();
      return;
    }
  }
  if (bSetTime) {
    (*stageTime) = getTimer( clockCounter / 1000, *stageTime );
    if ( cancel ) {
      finalYield = finalYieldStorage;
      *stageTime = stageTimeStorage;

      cancel = false;
      backToStatus();
      return;
    }
  }
  if (bSetTemperature) {
    (*stageTemperature) = getTemperature( cookTemperature, *stageTemperature );
    if ( cancel ) {
      finalYield = finalYieldStorage;
      *stageTime = stageTimeStorage;
      *stageTemperature = stageTemperatureStorage;

      cancel = false;
      backToStatus();
      return;
    }
  }

  xSafeHardwarePowerOff();                      // Stop anything that might be still going on
  if (bPurgePump) {
    xPurgePump();
  }
  startBrewing();
  xSetupStage( nextStage );
  backToStatus();
}
// ##################################################### Menus ###################################################################

// #################################################### Helpers ##################################################################

void startBrewing() {
  //sing(MELODY_SUPER_MARIO, PIEZO_PIN);

  cooking = true;
}

void stopBrewing() {
  cooking = false;
}

void resetMenu( boolean requestRepaintPaint ) {
  eMenuType = eMenuType_Main;

  if ( requestRepaintPaint ) {
    repaint = true;
  }

  xSetupRotaryEncoder( eRotaryEncoderMode_Menu, mdMainMenu._position, MENU_SIZE_MAIN_MENU - 1, 1, 1, 0 );       // reset operation state
}

void backToStatus() {
  lastInterruptTime = millis() - SETTING_MAX_INACTIVITY_TIME - 1;
  resetMenu(true);
}
// #################################################### Helpers ##################################################################

// #################################################### Set Variables ##################################################################

int getTemperature(int initialValue ) {
  return getTemperature( initialValue, initialValue );
}
int getTemperature(int initialValue, int defaultValue ) {
  return xSetGenericValue( initialValue, defaultValue, TEMPERATURE_MIN_VALUE, TEMPERATURE_MAX_VALUE, MENU_GLOBAL_STR_TEMPERATURE, MENU_GLOBAL_STR_CELSIUS );
}

int getFinalYield( int initialValue ) {
  return getFinalYield( initialValue, SETTING_MACHINE_YIELD_DEFAULT );
}
int getFinalYield( int initialValue, int defaultValue ) {
  return xSetGenericValue( initialValue, defaultValue, SETTING_MACHINE_YIELD_CAPACITY_MIN, SETTING_MACHINE_YIELD_CAPACITY_MAX, "Final Yield", "l" );
}

int xSetGenericValue(int initialValue, int defaultValue, int minimumValue, int maximumValue, const char *valueName, const char *unit) {
  xSetupRotaryEncoder( eRotaryEncoderMode_Generic, initialValue, maximumValue, minimumValue, 1, 5 );

  // initialize variables
  int rotaryEncoderPreviousPosition = 0;

  // Setup Screen
  lcd.clear();
  lcd.home();
  lcd.print( "Set " );
  lcd.print( valueName );
  lcd.print( "(" );
  lcd.print( defaultValue );
  lcd.print( ")" );
  lcd.setCursor ( 0 , LCD_VERTICAL_RESOLUTION - 1 );
  lcd.print( "       0 " );
  lcd.print( unit );

  while (true) {
    if ( checkForEncoderSwitchPush( true ) ) {                  // Check if pushbutton is pressed
      if ( cancel ) return rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition;
      break;
    }
    else {
      xManageMachineSystems();                            // Don't forget to keep an eye on the cooking
    }

    // Check if there was an update by the rotary encoder
    if ( rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition != rotaryEncoderPreviousPosition ) {
      rotaryEncoderPreviousPosition = rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition;

      lcd.setCursor( 0, LCD_VERTICAL_RESOLUTION - 1 );
      lcd.print( "     " );
      if ( rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition < 10 ) {
        lcd.print( "  " );
      }
      else {
        if ( rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition < 100 ) {
          lcd.print( " " );
        }
      }
      lcd.print( rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition );
      lcd.print( " " );
      lcd.print( unit );
      lcd.println( "                " );
    }
  }

  return rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition;
}

int getTimer( int initialValue ) {
  return getTimer( initialValue, initialValue );
}

int getTimer( int initialValue, int defaultValue ) {
  // set operation state | INPUT : eRotaryEncoderMode newMode, int newPosition, int newMaxPosition, int newMinPosition, int newSingleStep, int newMultiStep
  xSetupRotaryEncoder( eRotaryEncoderMode_Time, initialValue, 7200, 0, 1, 30 );

  // initialize variables
  int rotaryEncoderPreviousPosition = 0;
  int minutes = 0;
  int seconds = 0;

  // Setup Screen
  lcd.clear();
  lcd.home();
  lcd.print("Set Time (");
  minutes = defaultValue / 60;
  lcd.print(minutes);
  seconds = defaultValue - minutes * 60;
  lcd.print(":");
  if (seconds < 10) {
    lcd.print("0");
  }
  lcd.print(seconds);
  lcd.print(")");
  lcd.setCursor (0, LCD_VERTICAL_RESOLUTION - 1);
  lcd.print("      0:00");

  while (true) {
    if ( checkForEncoderSwitchPush( true ) ) {
      if ( cancel ) return rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition;
      break;
    }
    else {
      xManageMachineSystems();                            // Don't forget to keep an eye on the cooking
    }

    // display current timer
    if (rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition != rotaryEncoderPreviousPosition) {
      rotaryEncoderPreviousPosition = rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition;
      minutes = rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition / 60;
      seconds = rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition - minutes * 60;

      lcd.setCursor (0, LCD_VERTICAL_RESOLUTION - 1);

      if (minutes < 100) {
        lcd.print(" ");
      }
      if (minutes < 10) {
        lcd.print(" ");
      }
      lcd.print("    ");
      lcd.print(minutes);
      lcd.print(":");
      if (seconds < 10) {
        lcd.print("0");
      }
      lcd.print(seconds);
      lcd.println("                ");
    }
  }

  return rotaryEncoderVirtualPosition;
}

boolean checkForEncoderSwitchPush( bool cancelable ) {
  boolean gotPush = digitalRead(ROTARY_ENCODER_SW_PIN);
  if (gotPush) {           // Check if pushbutton is pressed
    unsigned long cancleTimer = millis();
    while (digitalRead(ROTARY_ENCODER_SW_PIN)) {        // Wait until switch is released
      delay(ROTARY_ENCODER_SW_DEBOUNCE_TIME);           // debounce

      if ( ((millis() - cancleTimer) >= SETTING_CANCEL_TIMER ) && cancelable ) {
        sing(BUZZ_1, PIEZO_PIN);
      }
    }

    if ( ((millis() - cancleTimer) >= SETTING_CANCEL_TIMER) && cancelable ) {
      cancel = true;
    }
  }

  return gotPush;
}

unsigned long getInactivityTime() {
  unsigned long now = millis();
  unsigned long rotaryEncoderInactivityTime = now - lastInterruptTime;

  if (rotaryEncoderInactivityTime > SETTING_MAX_INACTIVITY_TIME) {
    if (checkForEncoderSwitchPush( false )) {
      now = millis();
      rotaryEncoderInactivityTime = now - lastInterruptTime;
      rotarySwDetectTime = now;

      repaint = true;
      refresh = true;
    }
  }

  unsigned long switchInactivityTime = now - rotarySwDetectTime;
  return rotaryEncoderInactivityTime > switchInactivityTime ? switchInactivityTime : rotaryEncoderInactivityTime ;
}

// ###################### Set Variables ##################################################

void xWaitForAction(String title, String message) {
  while (true) {
    if ( checkForEncoderSwitchPush( false ) ) {                  // Check if pushbutton is pressed
      break;
    }
    else {
      sing(BUZZ_1, PIEZO_PIN);

      // Print the message
      if (! lcdPrint(&lcd, title, message)) {
        break;
      }
    }
  }
}